Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Red yeast rice extract’s impact on liver health: a pharmacological and metabolomic exploration

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1771594

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of liver functional and inflammatory factors in serum ( n = 6). (A–I) Expression of ALT, AST, ALT/AST, ƴ-GT, ALP, ALB, TBiL, DBiL, TBA in serum. (J – M) Expression of inflammation indexes TNF- α , IL-4, IL-1 β , and TGF- β in serum. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 via CON group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 via MOD group.

Article Snippet: TNF- α (cat: EK382-01), TGF- β (cat: EK981-01), IL-4 (cat: EK304-01), IL-1β (cat: EK301BHS-01) rat kits were purchased from Multisciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Curcumin Alleviates Systemic Inflammation and Gut Dysbiosis Induced by Circadian Rhythm Disruption in a Rodent Model of Jet Lag

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.18.698756

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic in the left panel shows that animals were individually housed in cages equipped with running wheels, and wheel revolutions were monitored daily using automated software. Rats were fed either curcumin or almond butter (vehicle) diet balls. Schematic in the right panel shows the timeline and overview of experimental procedures. Following behavioral testing, blood samples were collected for ELISA-based cytokine and chemokine analysis. Small intestine segments were harvested for Peyer’s patch analysis using ImageJ. Fecal samples were collected for microbiome analysis.

Article Snippet: Quantikine® high-sensitivity colorimetric sandwich ELISA kits (R&D Systems) were used to quantify levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; RTA00), interferon gamma (IFN-γ; RIF00), interleukin-6 (IL-6; R6000B), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CXCL1/CINC-1; RCN100), and interleukin-4 (IL-4; R4000).

Techniques: Software, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Biology and Toxicology

Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase trim36 targets ddx3x for degradation to reprogram macrophage polarization and ameliorate tubal factor infertility in rats

doi: 10.1007/s10565-026-10140-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: DDX3X was up-regulated and positively related to M1 polarization in TFI rats. ( A ) Statistics of pregnancy rate (N = 6 rats/group). ( B ) Morphological observation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adnexa in each group of rats. ( C ) Morphological changes in tubal tissues observed by HE staining. ( D ) Morphological changes in tubal tissues observed by electron microscopy. ( E ) ELISA measure of IL-8 and MPO levels in tissue supernatant. ( F ) RT-qPCR measure of DDX3X expression in tubal tissues. ( G ) Western blot detection of DDX3X expression in tubal tissues. ( H ) IF detection of DDX3X and F4/80 expression in tubal tissues. ( I ) RT-qPCR detection of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, Arg-1, and IL-10 levels. ( J ) Western blot detection of iNOS, and Arg-1 levels. ( K ) ELISA detection of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels. ( L ) Pearson’s analysis of DDX3X and the IL-8, iNOS, MPO, and TNF-αexpression. ( M ) Pearson’s analysis of DDX3X and the IL-1β, Arg-1, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 expression. N = 5 rats/group. ***P < 0.001 vs Sham group. P values in results (E-K) were determined by unpaired t test, (L, M) by pearson’s analysis

Article Snippet: IL-1β (JL20884, Jianglai Bio, China), IL-8 (ml002885, Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, China), IL-6 (CSB-E04640r, Cusabio, China), IL-10 (CSB-E04595r, Cusabio), IL-4 (CSB-E04635r, Cusabio), TNF-α (CSB-E11987r, Cusabio), and MPO (A044-1–1, colorimetric method, Nanjing Jiancheng Bio, China) reagent kits were employed to detect IL-8, IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and MPO levels in cell supernatants and serum samples.

Techniques: Staining, Electron Microscopy, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Cell Biology and Toxicology

Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase trim36 targets ddx3x for degradation to reprogram macrophage polarization and ameliorate tubal factor infertility in rats

doi: 10.1007/s10565-026-10140-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Silence of DDX3X promoted the LPS-induced M2 polarization in macrophages. ( A-B ) RT-qPCR and western blot measure of DDX3X expression in macrophages. ( C ) Flow cytometry detection of F4/80 + CD86 + and F4/80 + CD206 + cells. ( D-E ) RT-qPCR detection of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, Arg-1, and IL-10 levels. ( F ) Western blot detection of iNOS, and Arg-1 levels. ( G ) ELISA detection of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels. ***P < 0.001. n = 3 biologically independent experiments. P values in results (A) were determined by unpaired t test, (B-G) by one-way ANOVA

Article Snippet: IL-1β (JL20884, Jianglai Bio, China), IL-8 (ml002885, Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, China), IL-6 (CSB-E04640r, Cusabio, China), IL-10 (CSB-E04595r, Cusabio), IL-4 (CSB-E04635r, Cusabio), TNF-α (CSB-E11987r, Cusabio), and MPO (A044-1–1, colorimetric method, Nanjing Jiancheng Bio, China) reagent kits were employed to detect IL-8, IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and MPO levels in cell supernatants and serum samples.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Biology and Toxicology

Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase trim36 targets ddx3x for degradation to reprogram macrophage polarization and ameliorate tubal factor infertility in rats

doi: 10.1007/s10565-026-10140-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of TRIM36 promoted M2 polarization in the LPS-induced rat BMDM through DDX3X. ( A ) Western blot assay of TRIM36 and DDX3X proteins in rat BMDM. ( B ) Flow cytometry detection of M1 (F4/80 + CD86 +) and M2 (F4/80 + CD206 +) macrophage. ( C ) RT-qPCR detection of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, Arg-1, and IL-10 levels. ( D ) Western blot detection of iNOS, and Arg-1 levels. ( E ) ELISA detection of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels. ***P < 0.001. n = 3 biologically independent experiments. P values in (A-E) were determined by two-way ANOVA

Article Snippet: IL-1β (JL20884, Jianglai Bio, China), IL-8 (ml002885, Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, China), IL-6 (CSB-E04640r, Cusabio, China), IL-10 (CSB-E04595r, Cusabio), IL-4 (CSB-E04635r, Cusabio), TNF-α (CSB-E11987r, Cusabio), and MPO (A044-1–1, colorimetric method, Nanjing Jiancheng Bio, China) reagent kits were employed to detect IL-8, IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and MPO levels in cell supernatants and serum samples.

Techniques: Over Expression, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Biology and Toxicology

Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase trim36 targets ddx3x for degradation to reprogram macrophage polarization and ameliorate tubal factor infertility in rats

doi: 10.1007/s10565-026-10140-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of TRIM36 promoted M2 polarization to improve fertility in TFI rats. ( A ) Statistics of pregnancy rate (N = 6 rats/group). ( B ) Morphological changes in fallopian tube tissues observed by HE staining. ( C ) Morphological observation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adnexa in each group of rats. ( D ) Morphological changes in fallopian tube tissues observed by electron microscopy. ( E ) ELISA measure of IL-8 and MPO levels in tissue supernatant. ( F-G ) RT-qPCR and western blot assay of DDX3X expression in fallopian tube tissues. ( H-I ) Flow cytometry detection of M1 and M2 levels in fallopian tube tissues. ( J ) RT-qPCR detection of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Arg-1, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in fallopian tube tissues. ( K ) Western blot detection of iNOS, and Arg-1 levels in fallopian tube tissues. ( L ) ELISA detection of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in fallopian tube tissues. N = 5 rats/group. ***P < 0.001. P values in (E–G, I-L) were determined by one-way ANOVA

Article Snippet: IL-1β (JL20884, Jianglai Bio, China), IL-8 (ml002885, Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology, China), IL-6 (CSB-E04640r, Cusabio, China), IL-10 (CSB-E04595r, Cusabio), IL-4 (CSB-E04635r, Cusabio), TNF-α (CSB-E11987r, Cusabio), and MPO (A044-1–1, colorimetric method, Nanjing Jiancheng Bio, China) reagent kits were employed to detect IL-8, IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and MPO levels in cell supernatants and serum samples.

Techniques: Over Expression, Staining, Electron Microscopy, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Metabolic Brain Disease

Article Title: Acupuncture as a modulator of microglial polarization and pyroptosis in depression: evidence from a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

doi: 10.1007/s11011-025-01785-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of acupuncture on inflammatory factors in the hippocampus of CUMS rats. ( A ) The levels of IL-1β. ( B ) The levels of IL-6. ( C ) The levels of TNF-α. ( D ) The levels of IL-4. ( E ) The levels of IL-10. All results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean, with individual data points overlaid ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\:\stackrel{-}{x}$$\end{document} ± s), N = 6 per group, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared to the CON group; # P < 0.05, compared to the CUMS group

Article Snippet: The cytokine contents of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α in the hippocampus were detected using ELISA kits in accordance with the provided protocols (Rat IL-6 ELISA Kit, E-EL-R0015; Rat IL-1β ELISA Kit, E-EL-R0012; Rat IL-4 ELISA Kit, E-EL-R0014; Rat IL-10 ELISA Kit, E-EL-R0016; Rat TNF-α ELISA Kit, E-EL-R2856c; Elabscience).

Techniques: